A tumour is an abnormal growth caused by the uncontrolled division of cells. Benign tumours do not have the potential to spread to other parts of the body (a process called metastasis) and are curable by surgical removal. Malignant or cancerous tumours, however, may metastasize to other parts of the body and will ultimately result in death if not successfully treated by surgery and/or other methods..
Surgical removal is one of the four main ways that tumors are treated. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and biological therapy are other treatment options. There are a number of factors used to determine which methods will best treat a tumor. Because benign tumors do not have the potential to metastasize, they are often treated successfully with surgical removal alone. Malignant tumors, however, are most often treated with a combination of surgery and chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy (in about 55% of cases). In some instances, non-curative surgery may make other treatments more effective. Debulking a cancer-making it smaller by surgical removal of a large part of it-is thought to make radiation and chemotherapy more effective.
The cause of primary brain tumors is unknown. Many possible risk factors could play a role.